代謝症候群有哪 5 大警戒指標？有哪些慢性病潛在風險？

In Healthcare, Medical Issue By Sigrid On

「代謝症候群」是糖尿病與心血管疾病的前身，代表我們的身體健康已經亮起了黃燈。

年過 40 的小爾哥，工作後經常外食便當速食、應酬、久坐辦公室，除了逐漸養出點肚子的游泳圈，健檢報告的紅字也和體重一樣穩定成長，看了爾科後，發現小爾哥有「代謝症候群」，嗯～你可能也和他一樣疑惑、或是擔心自己是不是也有這個問題，那就讓我們一起與一頭霧水的小爾哥來認識這是什麼吧！

Photo by Ehimetalor Akhere Unuabona on Unsplash

到底啥是代謝症候群？

代謝症候群（Metabolic Syndrome）有 5 大警戒指標：「3 高＋2 害」。

三高，是平常新聞就會看到的「血壓、血糖、血脂（三酸甘油酯）偏高」，
二害，則是「腰圍過粗、好的膽固醇（HDL-C）不足」。

有任何 1 項符合，就屬於「代謝症候群」的高危險群；
如果 3 項（含）以上超標，就符合「代謝症候群」的定義。

1⃣ 腰圍過粗：生理男腰圍 ≧ 90cm (35 吋)、生理女腰圍≧ 80cm (31 吋)
2⃣ 血壓偏高：收縮壓 ≧ 130 mmHg、舒張壓 ≧ 85 mmHg
3⃣ 高密度脂蛋白膽固醇偏低：生理男 < 40 mg/dL 、生理女 < 50 mg/dL
4⃣ 空腹血糖值偏高 ≧ 100 mg/dL
5⃣ 三酸甘油脂偏高 ≧ 150 mg/dL

Source: 衛生福利部國民健康署

「代謝症候群」為什麼重要呢？它是糖尿病與心血管疾病的前身，代表我們的身體健康已經亮起了黃燈。代謝症候群的朋友，未來得到「糖尿病」、「高血壓」、「高血脂」、「心臟病及腦中風」的機率，分別是一般健康民眾的 6、4、3、2 倍。

為什麼我會得到代謝症候群呢？

主要的原因有以下五個：
👉 家族中有高血壓、糖尿病、高血脂病史的朋友們，發生代謝症候群的機率比一般人高。
👉 低纖、高糖、高油脂飲食、過量飲酒習慣的朋友們，容易有代謝症候群。
👉 習慣抽菸的人，得到代謝症候群的機率是從來不抽菸者的 1.5 倍。
👉 活動量低的人，得到代謝症候群的機率是活動量高者的 1.7 – 2 倍。
👉 壓力造成內分泌失調，導致血糖上升，長時間容易造成代謝症候群。

不良的生活型態約佔 50%，遺傳因素約佔 20%。

病生理的機轉是什麼呢？

血液中的葡萄糖需要胰島素幫忙，才能進入細胞提供能量。
「胰島素阻抗」就是細胞對胰島素的敏感度變差，導致血液葡萄糖不容易進入細胞內，身體代謝就會出問題。

「胰島素阻抗」＋「內臟脂肪堆積」，引起三高加二害的代謝症候群。

有沒有什麼簡易的偵測方式呀？

腹部肥胖代表內臟脂肪堆積多，量腰圍從外表就可以判斷內臟脂肪堆積，是最簡易的方法喔！不確定怎麼量的朋友請參考 👇

Source: 衛生福利部國民健康署

腹部肥胖的朋友，每 2 位就有 1 位可能有代謝症候群，若再加上血壓偏高，則 4 位就有 3 位可能有代謝症候群 😱😱 身體質量指數 (BMI) 是國際通用的肥胖指標，但還無法完全反應內臟脂肪堆積的程度。腰圍代表脂肪的分布，腰圍粗、內臟脂肪多更容易導致代謝異常。
為了幫自己的身體把關，可以每隔一段時間（譬如 1 – 3 個月）起床後做自我檢測 👇

Source: 衛生福利部國民健康署

🕘 Good Night 的溫暖懶人包👇

今天跟大家聊了「代謝症候群」的 5 大指標、原因、風險，接下來我們會來討論：我該怎麼做才能避免得到這個問題呢？

Reference：衛生福利部國民健康署

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