標題 [心理] 97年96年變態考古題
時間 Fri Jan 28 23:00:37 2011
───────────────────────────────────────
97年變態
14.Patients with _dilirium_ evidence sudden clouding of consciosness and other
problems with thinking, feeling, and behaving, such as fragmented and
undirected thought, incoherent speech, inability to sustain attention,
hallucinations, illusions, disorientation, lethargy or hyperactivity, and
mood swings.
→ 我們當初討論的答案是schizophrenia,但是不幸的是這個答案是錯的(奕瑄整個大翻
盤XDDD),強者學姐說關鍵在那個sudden,因為schizo的患者通會有一個病程,而
delirium的症狀是突然發作的,然後他也會有知覺障礙的情況發生(幻覺、錯覺)。
17.The most commonly diagnosed comorbid disorder with dissociative identity
disorder is _PTSD_ disorder.
→ DID跟很多症狀都有共病,例如PTSD、憂鬱症、物質關聯疾患等等,強者學姐也不能非
常確定哪個是最常被診斷的共病疾患,不過她翻了一下DSM-IV-TR,發現PTSD是在這些
共病的疾患中特別被拉出來討論的,而且課本也將PTSD放在第一位,因此他認為是PTSD
。
96年變態
一、選擇題
a. superego
b. ego
c. libido
d. id
e. cathexis
→ 真是嚇死人不償命!強者學姐選了ego,他認為libido或id都沒辦法執行動作,因此題
幹中寫的seek out food是需要ego才能夠做到的。不過他認為這題不是很好選。
4. Symptoms of which of the following categories of DSM-IV-TR disorders are
most likely to be misclassified on Axis III?
a. schizophrenia
b. mood disorders
c. dissociative disorders
d. somatoform disorders
e. conversion disorder
→ 學姐一開始也是d跟e在選,後來在d裡面的BDD(body dismorphic disorder)似乎不
會與第三軸的診斷混淆,因此選了e。但是強者學姐說轉化症的部分現在也比較不會與
一般疾病搞混了,因為神經衡鑑的技術進步許多,不過這題還是只能選e。
8. Dementia and depression can be distinguished by
a. higher rates of commission errors for depression.
b. higher levels of hostility in dementia.
c. increased confusion in depression.
d. higher rates of omission errors for depression.
e. none of the above are correct.
→ 強者學姐說失智症與憂鬱症的差異在於認知功能的退化,也就是失智症的患者的認知功
能漸漸退化,因此問他一個問題時,他會很希望擠出一個答案,且通常會說出答案,雖
然常常可能是錯誤的;另一方面,憂鬱症患者他會傾向不說出他的答案,你在問他問題
時,他就算知道正確的答案他也不願意告訴你,因此他會有較多的omission errors(
也就是miss的意思),而a的commission errors(false alarm)是demensia才對。而
關於敵意的部分,強者學姐說他也不知道哪個較多。
14.Applying chaos theory to the study of human behavior suggests that
a. most of us should probably be considered “abnormal.”
b. unlike in the physical sciences, psychopathologists will one day be
able to fully understand the phenomena they are studying.
c. the actions of a person in one country are likely to influecne the
symptoms of a person being treated in another part of the world.
d. the current theories about behavior are all incorrect.
e. many unexpected uncontrollable factors make it hard to predict a
person's behavior.
→ 渾沌理論就是蝴蝶效應,而對於心理學的研究議題而言,強者學姐說我們還是看一個人
的日常生活行為去決定一個心理學議題,在這題的c他認為扯太遠了,看另外一個國家
的影響,可能是不太有意義的。
18.An initial part of treatment for enuresis is
a. parent training.
b. buying a bell and pad.
c. medication.
d. a physical evaluation.
e. play therapy.
→ 強者學姐認為這題的treatment有點曖昧,不知道是指從衡鑑診斷開始算起,還是從真
的治療開始算,如果從診斷開始算那就是d,從治療開始算就是a。另外,遺尿症是
DSM-IV-TR有的診斷,通常發病於小孩子上,因為如果是成年人有遺尿的症狀的話,通
常會認為是其他心理因素或生理上的障礙去探討,比較不會診斷為enuresis。
19.Surgery is a common precipitant for the onset of
a. Alzheimer's disease.
b. Sleep apnea.
c. delirium.
d. Parkinson's disease.
e. hydrocephalus.
→ 我們被precipitant卡很久,不過他也有突然地/急促地的意思,強者學姐直接把題幹
認為是手術後可能會怎麼樣,因此選的是c。
22.Why should we not expect a one-to-one relationship between psychological
and physical measures of brain functioning?
a. They cannot measure brain functioning during normal daily activity.
b. Individuals differ in how well they cope with brain dysfunctions.
c. Psychological measures have low reliability and validity.
d. Little is known about the functioning of individual neurons.
e. The correlation is too low.
→ 強者學姐說腦功能照影之類的研究本來就還不太清楚,通常我們看到的是在進行一個活
動時,哪個腦區有反應,不過裡面的細胞在幹嘛其實我們都不知道。強者學姐說這題可
以用刪去法來看,a的部分就算能在日常生活中測量,還是很難清楚腦區與心理狀態的
對應,b的部分也是遇到同樣的問題,c是不能選的答案XD,e也是不太有意義的答案。
24.”This patient has a phobia of elevators rather than animals because he is
really afraid of achievement (rising up in the world).” This statement
would most likely be made by a clinician from which paradigm?
a. biological
b. social
c. humanist
d. psychoanalytic
e. behavioral
→ 當初爭議的點是人本主義會不會是答案,但強者學姐說人本主義不太會去管病理的部分
,就算有談到病理,也是會用病患聽得懂的語言去講,這種抽象的講法是心理分析的人
的強項。
二、解釋名詞
(3) cyclical psychodynamics
→ 這是一個屬於認知、行為以及心理分析的折衷理論,由Wachtel(2000年有來台灣,強
者學姐很喜歡他XDDD),他認為
unconscious
↗ ↖
&nb
sp; ↙ ↘
conscious ←→ behavior
(cognition)
因此要改變潛意識也可以從行為或認知下手,三者的關係如上圖。