破解抽血報告・全血球篇

In Healthcare By Sigrid On
破解抽血報告・全血球篇

無論是健康檢查、還是生病時去掛門診或急診，醫師經常會幫病人「抽血」。到底我們被抽了哪些血？一連串中英文數字夾雜的報表又代表什麼意思？就讓我們來闖關解密吧！

全血球指數（Complete blood count, CBC）

大項 ➫ 白血球 (White blood cells)，負責對抗人體的感染
大項 ➫ 血色素 (Hemoglobin)，在紅血球細胞中負責承載氧氣的蛋白質
大項 ➫ 血小板 (Platelets)，負責幫助血液凝固 

1.1 全血球指數簡稱 CBC，是衡量整體健康的指標之一，並可以用來評估許多疾病，譬如：貧血、感染、白血病… 等。CBC 的檢驗囊括了血液中的好幾個成分，包含：

  • 紅血球 (Red blood cells)，負責攜帶氧氣
  • 白血球 (White blood cells)，負責對抗人體的感染
  • 血色素 (Hemoglobin)，在紅血球細胞中負責承載氧氣的蛋白質
  • 紅血球容積比 (Hematocrit)，指的是在血液中液體成分（就是血漿）中，紅血球所佔的比例
  • 血小板 (Platelets)，負責幫助血液凝固
    全血球指數一般會有個被認定正常的範圍，當指數異常地增加或減少，可能意味著人體健康遇到某些狀況，需要進一步檢查確定

1.2 全血球指數檢查的目的

  • 整體健康的評量
  • 定期的健康檢查通常都會包含全血球指數，作為許多疾病的初步篩檢，如貧血或白血病
  • 疾病的醫學診斷
  • 如果我們有特定的症狀，如全身無力、疲勞、發燒、發炎、瘀青、出血… 等，醫師通常都會檢驗全血球指數，來幫忙診斷這些表現與症狀的成因
  • 追蹤疾病狀態
  • 某些疾病會影響到血球指數，這時醫師也會用全血球指數來衡量疾病的進展及改變
  • 追蹤治療效果
  • 部分治療與藥物也可能影響血球指數，抽血自然可以得知治療後的情形

1.3 全血球指數檢查的準備

如果我們只需要檢驗全血球指數，檢查前不需要禁食，而通常只有驗血糖、膽固醇才會需要空腹餓肚子哦～

註：感染特殊情形
1/ 如果有感染，免疫細胞分泌的 Cytokine 如 EPO 會刺激紅血球增生，Hb 可能會上升。
2/ 如果有慢性發炎，Cytokines 如 IL-6 會刺激血小板增生。

2,878 thoughts on “破解抽血報告・全血球篇”

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